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Journal of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Vol.6, No.1, March 1989

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A Study on the Machinability of Titanium
Hong Hwan Pyo*, Oh Seok Hyung**, Seo Nam Seob**

ABSTRACT

In metal cutting various types of chips are produced in consequence of cutting conditions. According to the types of chips the cutting mechanism is to be changed. Most of the cutting theory is based on the continuous chip because of its convenient analysis, but the occurrence of the saw-toothed chip depends upon the workpiece and/or the cutting conditions, one of which is titanium alloy used widely.
Nowadays titanium alloys are used widely with the rapid development of aerospace structural engineering application, whereas the theory of cutting mechanism has not been estsblished yet, and the formatting process has not been understood satisfactorily, either. Unfortunately several misconceptions, conflicting statemens and statements needing further clarification are also found.
In this paper an attempt is made to clarify the formation prorocess of sawt-toothed chips which are to be produced during the orthogonal cutting process of titanium alloys.
They were machined at low speed to avoid the rapid tool wear. We observed the SEM-photographs of chips taken at the quick-stopping device. It is hoped that a rational model of the mechanics of cyclic chip formation can be developed. The results obtained are as follows.
1. When a saw-toothed chip is formed, the shear band begins at the primary shear zone and transfers to the free surface, so that a segment is produced and it is completed by upsetting between the formatting segment and the formatted segment.
2. As the rake angle or the clearance angle increases in the machining of the titanium alloy, the chip approaches to that of the continious type.
3. When the rake angle and the clearance angle are increased the shear energy and the unit friction energy decrease, which shows the same aspect as that of the continuous chip.

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